The Public Health Agency (PHA) is urging people to plan ahead and keep alcohol in check so festive gatherings aren't overshadowed by harm.

Stephanie Hanlon, Joint Regional Lead for Substance Use at the PHA, said: "All too often we see families affected by their loved ones over-indulging in alcohol, and that can be a particular problem at this time of year when drink can end up becoming a disproportionate part of festive celebrations, often with negative or unintended consequences.

"Many people might use alcohol to relax, but it can have both immediate and long-term impacts on our lives.

"In the short term, the undesirable effects of drinking too much can include nausea, vomiting and hangovers, as well as increasing the risk of falls or accidents that can result in injury. It can also affect our judgement, leading us to do things we wouldn't otherwise do and that we might regret later. This can include unplanned sexual activity, relationship difficulties and getting into violent situations.

"Longer term, drinking heavily can also cause damage to the liver, heart, brain and stomach.

"It is important that people understand their drinking behaviour, explore their relationship with alcohol, and take steps to reduce their consumption if they do find that they are drinking too much. "This time of year should be fun and we want everyone to enjoy themselves safely, so don't put yourself or anyone around you at risk – drink in moderation, don't add any drugs to the mix, and look out for each other so you can enjoy the Christmas festivities.

"Small changes can make a big difference, so plan ahead and think about your relationship with alcohol."

The PHA's seasonal guidance includes knowing your limits and looking after yourself; eating before or while drinking and steering clear of salty snacks that increase thirst; not mixing alcohol with any other drugs; building in several alcohol-free days each week; alternating alcoholic drinks with zero-alcohol alternatives, soft drinks or water; taking regular breaks from drinking; avoiding rounds or kitties; and ensuring anyone who has had too much to drink is not left alone or allowed to wander off.

Further practical information is available in the Focus on Alcohol booklet at www.pha.site/FocusOnAlcohol.

Stephanie continued: "It's important that we enjoy ourselves safely. It's easy to forget that alcohol itself is a powerful drug and mixing any drugs, including prescription medications and alcohol, can be unpredictable and unsafe.

"It is of course safest to not use any drugs at all, but if you choose to use alcohol and other drugs it's vital that you keep yourself and those around you as safe as possible."

For more on the effects of alcohol and drugs, visit www.DrugsAndAlcoholNI.info.